Multijet is Fiat Chrysler Automobiles' term for its current common rail direct injection turbodiesel engine range. Most of the Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia range as well as certain Chrysler, RAM Trucks, Jeep and Maserati vehicles are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with General Motors as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. GM Powertrain Torino group in Turin, Italy manages their interest in these engines. Some PSA Peugeot Citroën diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa. Fiat's common rail diesel engine is also known as JTD, an initialism of Jetronic Turbo Diesel.
Video JTD engine
Characteristics
The property that distinguishes the Multijet from previous generations of common rail diesel engines from FCA is the combustion of the fuel, which is split into multiple injections, thus allowing for a more complete, quieter combustion in the cylinder. Compared to the first-generation JTD engines (Unijet system) which only featured a smaller pilot and a larger main injection, Multijet is capable of up to five injections per combustion cycle which enables better, more efficient cold running, better performance especially in the lower rev-range, quieter operation as well as even lower consumptions and emissions. The time between injections has been reduced to 150 microseconds while the minimal injection quantity has been reduced from two to less than one microlitre.
This enables even mid-sized sedans like the Alfa Romeo 156 and Lancia Lybra equipped with the 1.9 JTD to achieve fuel economy upwards of 45 mpgUS (55 mpgimp or 5L/100 km) on country roads and highways while offering an equal amount of torque as the 3.0L 24V V6 engine.
A sophisticated electronic control unit controls the injection and changes the injection logic and number of injections based on a multitude of parameters, most importantly revolutions per minute of the engine, engine torque requested by the driver and the temperature of the coolant.
The injection pressure of the diesel fuel on the second-generation Multijet is limited to between 1,400 bar (20,000 psi) on the 1.3 Multijet and 1,600 bar (23,000 psi) on the 2.4 Multijet 20V.
Multijet II
In 2009 Fiat Powertrain introduced the third generation of this technology, called Multijet II. With its new and innovative injectors with hydraulically balanced solenoid valve and even higher injection pressure of 2,000 bar (29,000 psi) it is capable of even more precise controlling of the injected diesel fuel, injecting it in a quicker and more flexible manner. It enables up to eight consecutive injections per combustion cycle and implemented Injection Rate Shaping technology, which provides two very close pilot injection making the fuel delivery more continuous and modulated. This results in an engine that is quiet and has a smoother operation, lower emissions, better fuel mileage and higher performance compared to the previous generation.
Maps JTD engine
Automotive engines
1.0
A 1.0 L (936 cc) 3-cylinder variant, (called XSDE, Xtra Smart Diesel Engine) or Smartech Diesel, was introduced in 2011. Co-developed by GM Powertrain Torino and the GM Technical Center India for the Indian Market the engine is rated at 57 bhp (43 kW; 57 hp) of power and 150 N?m (111 lb?ft) of torque.
Applications:
- 2011-present Chevrolet Beat (India)
1.3 Multijet
A small 1.3 L (1,248 cc) version (called the SDE, Small Diesel Engine) introduced in February 2003 is produced in Bielsko-Bia?a, Poland, and in Ranjangaon, Pune, India, by Fiat India Automobiles. The Multijet 75 PS version was chosen in 2005 as the International Engine of the Year in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category.
There are five versions of this engine: a 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp), a 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) (used in the Fiat Punto, Panda, Palio, Albea, Idea; Opel Corsa, Combo, Meriva; Suzuki Ritz, Swift, SX4; and Tata Indica Vista), a variable inlet geometry 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) (used in the Fiat Grande Punto, Linea; Opel Corsa, Astra; Suzuki Ertiga; Tata Indigo Manza and Alfa Romeo MiTo), a 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) from the Multijet II generation, and a 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) available on the Lancia Ypsilon. At the time of the launch this was the smallest four-cylinder diesel engine available and had a fuel consumption of 3.3 L/100 km (86 mpg-imp; 71 mpg-US) in some applications. The engine is able to meet Euro IV pollution standards without the use of a diesel particulate filter.
In January 2008, Tata Motors introduced the new Indica Vista model, which features new Quadrajet branded version of this engine. The second generation Ford Ka uses 1.3 Multijet named as Duratorq TDCi. In GM nomenclature, it is called Small Diesel Engine (SDE).
During 2009, Fiat launched a new generation badged Multijet II, with a new injection management system (up to 8 injections per cycle, instead of 5) and able to meet Euro V pollution standards. It is available with several power outputs, from 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp), with fixed geometry turbocharger, to 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp), with variable geometry turbocharger.
As of 2013, more than 5 million 1.3 MultiJet engines were produced.
Applications:
- Alfa Romeo MiTo
- Chevrolet Aveo (2012)
- Chevrolet Sail (India)
- Chevrolet Spin (Indonesia)
- Citroen Nemo
- Fiat 500L
- Fiat Albea
- Fiat Doblò
- Fiat Fiorino
- Fiat Grande Punto
- Fiat Idea
- Fiat Linea
- Fiat 500
- Fiat Palio
- Fiat Panda
- Fiat Punto
- Fiat Qubo
- Fiat Strada
- Fiat Tipo (2015)
- Ford Ka (2008)
- Lancia Musa
- Lancia Ypsilon
- Opel Agila
- Opel Astra
- Opel Combo
- Opel Corsa
- Opel Meriva
- Opel Tigra TwinTop
- Premier Rio
- Peugeot Bipper
- Suzuki Ertiga
- Suzuki Ignis
- Suzuki Splash
- Suzuki Swift
- Suzuki SX4
- Suzuki SX4 S-Cross
- Suzuki Vitara Brezza
- Suzuki Wagon R+
- Tata Bolt
- Tata Indica Vista
- Tata Indigo Manza
- Tata Zest
1.6 Multijet
In 2006, Fiat Powertrain announced a downsized version of the 1.9 16V Multijet, a new 1.6L 16V Multijet (1,598 cc) with two power levels of 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) and 120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp) to replace the still-used 1.9L 8-valve engine. The new 1.6 Multijet diesel with 105 PS was released in December 2007, the 120 PS version arrived later in 2008.
Applications:
- Alfa Romeo Mito
- Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)
- Fiat 500L
- Fiat Bravo
- Fiat Doblò
- Fiat Grande Punto
- Fiat Idea
- Fiat Linea
- Fiat Tipo (2015)
- Jeep Renegade
- Jeep Compass
- Lancia Delta (2008)
- Lancia Musa
- Opel Combo D
- Suzuki Vitara (2015)
- Suzuki SX4 S-Cross (from 2013)
1.9
The most common JTD engine is the 1.9 L straight-4 found on various brands and models. The first car that used this engine was Alfa Romeo 156 in 1997 (105 PS, 77 kW, 104 hp), making it the world's first common-rail diesel passenger car. In 1999, it was introduced on the Fiat Punto JTD with a smaller, fixed-geometry turbocharger and 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp), as well as in the Fiat Brava, Bravo and Marea range. There were also 85 PS (63 kW; 84 hp), 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp), 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp), 110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp), and 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) versions available. The engine block weighs approximately 125 kg (276 lb), the cylinder head features an overhead camshaft with directly actuated valves.
The Multijet second generation features an advanced common-rail system and is available with seven different power outputs. The 8-valve version has 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp), 120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp), or 130 PS (96 kW; 130 hp) and the 16-valve version has 134 PS (99 kW; 132 hp), 138 PS (101 kW; 136 hp), 150 PS (110 kW; 150 hp), or 170 PS (130 kW; 170 hp). Except for the 101 PS Multijet, all engines feature a variable-geometry turbocharger.
Opel also uses a version of this engine. Their CDTI engine, manufactured in Pratola Serra, Italy and Kaiserslautern, Germany, is the product of the half-decade joint venture between GM and Fiat. It is used in the Vectra, Signum, Astra, Zafira, Cadillac BLS and Suzuki SX4 as well as some Saabs marked as TiD and TTiD (twinturbo version).
Applications
- Alfa Romeo 145
- Alfa Romeo 146
- Alfa Romeo 147
- Alfa Romeo 156
- Alfa Romeo 159
- Alfa Romeo GT
- Cadillac BLS
- DR5
- Fiat Bravo
- Fiat Brava
- Fiat Croma II
- Fiat Doblò
- Fiat Grande Punto
- Fiat Marea
- Fiat Multipla
- Fiat Punto
- Fiat Sedici
- Fiat Stilo
- Fiat Strada
- Lancia Delta
- Lancia Lybra
- Lancia Musa
- Opel Astra H
- Opel Signum
- Opel Vectra C
- Opel Zafira B
- Chevrolet Cruze
- Saab 9-3
- Saab 9-5
- Suzuki SX4
- Alenia Aeronautica Sky-Y
Gallery
Twin Turbo
Fiat Powertrain Technologies released information about new two stage turbo (twin turbo) version of this engine in summer 2007, engine is available with two power levels, first one is producing 180 PS (130 kW; 180 hp) and second one 190 PS (140 kW; 190 hp), both have a maximum torque output of 400 N?m (300 lb?ft) at 2000 rpm. 180 PS version production started summer 2007. The engine weighs approximately 185 kg (408 lb). This engine will be sold both to Fiat Group Automobiles and other brands, but the 190 PS (140 kW; 190 hp) version is reserved only to Fiat Group Automobiles.
Applications:
- Cadillac BLS
- Lancia Delta
- Saab 9-3
2.0 Multijet II
A new 2 litre (1,956 cc, 83 mm bore, 90.4 mm stroke) Multijet diesel was introduced in third generation Lancia Delta in summer 2008. At its first version this engine produces 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp). For 2009 the engine was fitted to Alfa Romeo 159 as 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) variant. Fiat Sedici, Suzuki SX4 and the new Fiat Doblò generation use a 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) variant of this engine.
GM Powertrain separately developed their diesel engines based on Ecotec 1.9 JTD, after end of "marriage" between GM and Fiat, and first was 160 PS (120 kW; 160 hp) version for Astra and Insignia, which was later upgraded to 165 PS for Astra (163 PS in restyled version of Insignia), and less powerful version for Insignia with 110 PS and 130 PS. In 2011 GM Powertrain Europe developed a new derivative - the twin-turbocharger BiTurbo version, with 195 PS (143 kW; 192 hp), which is used in the Insignia and starting with 2013 in the Astra J. Internally the new engine is referred to as GM Ecotec Family B engine. The same engine was also available in the 2011 Saab 9-5 with 160 PS and 190 PS twin-turbo. In 2013 Opel introduced cleaner and more fuel efficient versions of the 2.0 CDTI engine and the ecoFLEX version, with 99 g/km of CO2 and 120 PS (140 PS for Insignia).
Applications:
- Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)
- Alfa Romeo 159
- 2014-2015 Chevrolet Cruze (NA)
- Fiat Bravo
- Fiat Doblò II
- Fiat Ducato III
- Fiat Freemont
- Fiat Sedici
- Fiat Croma II
- Fiat Toro
- Jeep Cherokee (KL)
- Jeep Renegade
- Lancia Delta III
- Opel/Vauxhall Astra J (single and twin turbo)
- Opel/Vauxhall Cascada (single and twin turbo)
- Opel/Vauxhall Insignia (single and twin turbo)
- Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer (single and twin turbo)
- Saab 9-5 (single and twin turbo)
- Suzuki SX4
- Jeep Compass
2.2 Multijet II
The 2.2 Multijet II (2,184 cc) was introduced by Fiat in mid-2015. These engines produce 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp) and 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) with 440 N?m (320 lb?ft) of torque at 2500 RPM in the Jeep Cherokee. It was developed to offer more torque in the low-rev range compared to the 2.0L Multijet. This engine further improves the existing 2.0 Multijet in various areas, such as a higher injection pressure (2,000 Bar instead of 1,600 Bar) with Injector Rate Shaping, an oil pump with variable displacement and counterbalance-shafts to reduce noises and vibrations. This engine meets Euro 6 emission norms without the use of diesel exhaust fluid injection.
A further development of this engine with a 2,143 cc displacement, and a die-cast Aluminium block, is used in the Alfa Romeo Giulia (952).
Applications:
- Jeep Cherokee (KL)
- Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)
- Alfa Romeo Stelvio
2.4
The 2.4 L (2,387 cc) straight-5 version is based on the 2.4 124 PS (91 kW; 122 hp) 5 cylinder TD engine as used in the Mk1 Fiat Marea and the Mk1 Lancia Kappa. The JTD version benefits from the solid build of the TD block, and an improved head/injection system. There are 2 versions of the 2.4 JTD, the 10-valve as used in the Fiat Marea 130 JTD and the earlier Alfa Romeo 156/Lancia Lybra diesels where it was available as 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp), 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp), 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) and later a Multijet 20-valve version 175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) as used in the later (2003>) Alfa Romeo 156 as well as some Lancia vehicles.
It was designed for transverse front-wheel drive use and was deemed too long and tall for widespread use in other GM Ecotec or Fiat products. A newer Multijet variant of this engine, capable for 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp), is currently used in the Alfa Romeo 159, Alfa Romeo Brera and Fiat Croma. The latest version of this engine produces 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) and 400 N?m (295 lb?ft) at 1500 rpm, and is used in Alfa Romeo vehicles.
Applications:
- Alfa Romeo 156
- Alfa Romeo Spider
- Alfa Romeo Brera
- Alfa Romeo 159
- Alfa Romeo 166
- Fiat Croma II
- Fiat Marea
- Lancia Kappa
- Lancia Lybra
- Lancia Thesis
3.0 V6 Multijet II
See List of VM Motori engines#A 630 DOHC.
Heavy-duty engines
2.3
The 2.3 Multijet (2,287 cc) was developed by Iveco for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 120 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481D), 130 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481N or F1AE6481D) and 150 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE3481E), these engines produce 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp), 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) and 148 PS (109 kW; 146 hp) respectively.
Applications:
- Fiat Ducato
- Iveco Daily
2.8
The 2.8 JTD (2,798 cc) made by Iveco (Sofim) was used in second generation Fiat Ducato, it produces 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp) or 146 PS (107 kW; 144 hp).
Applications:
- Citroen Jumper
- Fiat Ducato
- Iveco Daily
- Iveco Massif
- Peugeot Boxer
- Renault Mascott
3.0
The 160 MultiJet Power, introduced in 2007, saw displacement increased to 3.0 L (2,998 cc). This engine produces 157 PS (115 kW; 155 hp) or 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) in Fiat-badged models. In Iveco Massif this engine is also available as 176 PS (129 kW; 174 hp) version.
Applications:
- Citroën Jumper
- Fiat Ducato
- Iveco Daily
- Iveco Massif/Campagnola
- Peugeot Boxer
- RAM ProMaster
See also
- Fully Integrated Robotised Engine
- Fiat Global Small Engine
- Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines
Notes
References
- "GM, Fiat Reach Settlement Agreement" (Press release). GM. February 13, 2005.
- Cifferi, Luca (June 10, 2005). "GM to create new diesel unit as it untangles its Fiat joint powertrain operations". AutoWeek. Retrieved June 13, 2005.
- Homola, Peter (May 18, 2005). "Opel Launches 1.9L Diesel at Kaiserslautern Plant". Ward's Auto World. Retrieved June 13, 2005. (subscription required)
- Robinson, Peter (November 16, 2004). "GM, Affiliates Working OT for Euro Diesels". Ward's Auto World. Retrieved June 13, 2005. (subscription required)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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